Many of us need to know steel. It’s used by us with your everyday life. But have you noticed the way to produce it? Along with what does it take to produce it? Simply the steel is made in a big factory which is cooked within a giant stove called furnace. As well as the cooking itself takes so many ingredients within it.
The Blast Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace methods include the two major approaches for producing iron and steel products. Scrap melting is the major process utilizing Electric Arc Furnaces. Recently, industry competition is becoming increasingly intense, elevating the necessity for a lot more efficient melting process. Capacities of the transformers are receiving larger and electric furnaces are growing larger worldwide. Within this manufacturing environment, graphite materials that have durability for larger-power operation are essential far more to the use as Graphite Electrode (GE).
GE are manufactured from carbon. Carbon can be a nonmetal element having an atomic amount of 6 along with the atomic symbol “C”. Carbon will be the base of organic chemistry, closely linked to organic matter and life activity. Manufacturing excellent graphite electrodes requires quality materials which might be strictly selected.
Graphite has a higher heat transfer rating, effectiveness against higher temperatures, and has more strength against thermal shock than many other materials. Moreover, it excels in machinability to satisfy the requirements for the broader variety of dimensions. Thus, graphite will be the optimum material for scrap-melting electrodes.
GE can be consumed at high temperatures due to reaction with oxygen for being CO, CO2. The oxidation of electrodes starts at 500oC and accelerates its speed at 800oC (in the furnace). Usage of graphite electrodes by sublimation occurs at 3400o. The rate of sublimation is proportional to the increase of current density.
Meanwhile, use of quality GE results in contributions to saving energy and environmental conservation. Electric arc furnaces, using the main function of recycling steel scraps, promote reuse of steel products.
Production organization of graphite electrodes might be divided as 10 stages the next:
Raw material transporting
Kneading
Extruding
Baking
Pitch Impregnation
Re-Baking
Graphitization
Machining
Inspection
Shipment
The common sizes for graphite electrodes come from diameter 10″ (inch) to 30″(inch) and from period of 60″(inch) to 110″(inch). The weights are starting from 123 Kgs (10″ x 60″) to 2060 Kgs (30″ x 110″).
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